Gum recession is when gum tissue pulls back and exposes more of the tooth or its root. Common causes are gum disease, brushing too hard, grinding, and genetics. Receded gum tissue does not grow back on its own, but recession can usually be stopped from progressing, and the sensitivity it causes can be treated.
What causes it
- Gum disease - the most common cause, where inflammation destroys the supporting tissue
- Brushing too hard, or with a hard-bristled brush - a surprisingly frequent cause
- Grinding and clenching, which loads the teeth sideways
- Genetics - some people simply have thinner gum tissue
- Teeth that sit outside the arch, where there was less bone covering the root to begin with
- Smoking
- Lip or tongue piercings rubbing the gum
Why it matters beyond appearance
The exposed root has no enamel on it. It is covered in cementum, which is softer, wears faster and decays more readily. That is why recession brings sensitivity to cold and a higher risk of decay at the gum line.
Recession is also a visible marker of what is happening underneath. Where it comes from gum disease, the bone is receding too.
What can be done
The first job is stopping the cause. If it is gum disease, that means periodontal treatment. If it is brushing technique, we will show you the change - usually a soft brush and less pressure, not more effort.
For the sensitivity, options include desensitising treatments, fluoride varnish, and bonding to cover the exposed root surface. Where recession is severe, gum grafting can cover the root, and that is a referral to a periodontal specialist.
See a dentist if
- Teeth look longer than they used to, or you can see a notch at the gum line
- You have persistent sensitivity to cold at the gum line
- Gums bleed when you brush
- A tooth feels loose or has shifted
- You can feel a rough or catchy area on the exposed root
We're in central Queenstown and keep room for emergencies. Call 03 441 8248.
This page is general information, not a diagnosis. Reviewed by Dr Adrian Paul, BDS (Otago), principal dentist at Lakeside Dental Practice. If you're worried about a specific problem, see a dentist.
